城市轨道交通明挖装配式地下结构设计技术及方法

通过多年装配式地下结构建造技术的理论和试验研究，结合实际工程应用，对明挖条件下的城市轨道交通等市政工程预制装配式地下结构的设计技术和方法进行系统性总结。1）从全方位体现装配式技术的工业化建造理念的角度，提出装配式地下结构的设计基本原则和基本规定，并结合明挖装配式结构的特点提出主要设计内容； 2）针对装配式结构设计的重要环节，包括结构体系的确定、基坑工程和结构防水等方面进行论述，提出接头选型、结构拆分及内部结构的设计方法，以及基于装配式结构的基坑工程设计技术要求和设计方法，涵盖支护选型、基坑宽度的确定、桩墙+内支撑体系技术设计要点、基坑回填技术设计要点等，并总结装配式地下结构的防水关键技术。     

考虑矿物各向异性的地聚物/集料界面静动态交互特征模拟

地聚物作为一种低碳环保、应用潜力广阔的无机结合料，其与不同表面构造集料的界面交互作用直接影响地聚物混凝土的力学性能和耐久性。充分考虑集料矿物晶向的各向异性，采用分子动力学模拟(Molecular Dynamics， MD)从原子分子层次的作用模式和强度分析，模拟了地聚物主要水化成分N-A-S-H、C-A-S-H和集料矿物化学成分SiO₂、CaCO₃不同晶面的静态界面相互作用，并采用单轴拉伸方法从纳米尺度下讨论了不同界面交互的动态力学行为。模拟结果表明：CaCO₃各晶面表现出比SiO₂更强的表面能和表面浸润性，并与C-A-S-H、N-A-S-H的界面相互作用势和拉伸应力更强，但CaCO₃晶面各向异性明显，性能稳定性不及SiO₂。地聚物与集料矿物的相互作用势主要由静电势提供，由于矿物界面静电作用及浸润特征，交互区水分子聚集，氢键作用明显，同时水分子与Ca²⁺、Na⁺进行配位形成水合离子，有助于离子在矿物表面迁移、沉淀与成核生长，增强界面空间位阻效应。在单轴拉伸模拟中，地聚物与集料矿物界面拉伸失效机制包括2个阶段：第1阶段(0 nm＜界面位移d＜0.15 nm)主要克服界面交互的静电作用，第2阶段(0.15 nm≤d≤0.3 nm)主要克服氢键作用。MD模拟有助于从分子尺度揭示地聚物与集料界面作用机制，为进一步研究地聚物混凝土材料优化、交互界面强化及损伤等提供了新方法和理论依据。     

列车动力响应的平稳性和各态历经性分析

研究列车动力响应的平稳性和各态历经性对寻求列车动力响应随机过程的统计规律具有重要意义。基于多体动力学理论,采用多体动力学分析软件Simpack建立国内某高速列车动车车辆的多体动力学模型。采用三角级数法模拟得到的轨道不平顺作为随机输入激励计算得到列车以不同速度行驶不同距离的动力响应时程样本序列。进一步运用平稳性检验方法中的逆序数检验法和单位根检验法对列车动力响应随机过程的平稳性进行检验。运用Monte-Carlo方法并结合随机过程的相关理论,计算1 500个在随机轨道不平顺激励下列车以200 km/h速度行驶1 km工况的动力响应时程样本序列的集合均值和集合相关函数,时间均值和时间相关函数,对列车动力响应的平稳性和各态历经性进行了证明。研究结果表明,列车以200 km/h的速度行驶1 km工况的动力响应可近似为具有各态历经性的平稳随机过程,即可采用一个时程响应样本来反映列车动力响应总体的统计规律。随着列车动力响应样本个数的增加,列车动力响应的平稳性和各态历经性都将更加稳定。     

多类型信息下的网络交通流演化模型

交通信息发布机构提供描述信息和规范信息给不同的出行者，描述信息接收者依据信息和经验更新路径行程时间认知，根据认知选择路径；规范信息接收者仅根据经验更新认知.规范信息遵从者选择推荐路径，非遵从者依据认知选择路径.两类信息遵从率都取决于信息准确度.依据非线性动力学理论分析了模型性质，研究表明，模型不动点存在但是不一定唯一，不动点状态与信息混合使用情况有关.数值试验结果表明，模型不动点与随机用户均衡点不同，以恰当比例混合使用两类信息可提高交通流稳定性.     

缓波型非粘接柔性立管的干涉敏感性

针对非粘接柔性立管在波浪和海流作用下易发生立管干涉的问题,以我国南海某油田输油立管和相邻锚链为例,分别对拖曳力系数、管道单位长度质量、外径、内部介质密度、立管抗拉弯扭刚度和悬挂角度等参数进行敏感性分析,得出不同参数的敏感性情况,并在此基础上提出一些建议供实际工程设计参考.     

弹性工作制和动态停车收费组合策略研究

提出弹性工作制与动态停车收费的组合管理策略，探究组合策略下，出行分布的变化机理及动态停车收费费率的制定，以达到缓解通勤拥堵的目的. 构建双层规划模型建立动态停车收费费率的制定与多用户出行选择的相互作用关系，基于灵敏度分析的下降算法求解. 仿真模拟出不同弹性工作制规模时，均衡状态下多用户出行分布模式和优化的动态收费费率. 结果表明，组合策略能促使弹性与非弹性员工错峰出行，有效分散交通流，与单一策略相比，缓解路网拥堵的效果更好.研究成果为交通管理优化策略的制定提供了新思路.     

Development of control models for the planning of sustainable transportation systems

Planning of sustainable transportation systems requires integration of multiple systems while considering a holistic approach. A limited amount of research has been conducted that simultaneously considers all the transportation, economic activity, environmental and social effects. The proposed research envisages incorporating considerations related to sustainability and providing solutions to stakeholders in policy making. In this paper, a dynamic model for planning and development of sustainable transportation systems is presented. This is given by a system of three nonlinear differential equations representing the dynamics of the three independent states, namely, transportation, activity, and environmental systems. A policy scenario considering investment in energy efficient technologies and its effects on the states is discussed to assist making investment decisions. Optimal control techniques are used to design the controls. The results show that it is possible to formulate an optimal control to achieve the desired target. Numerical results, based on actual parameters, are presented to illustrate the long-term trends of the states. The methodology discussed in this paper will be helpful to decision makers in making optimal decisions. The contribution of this research work is the introduction of a systems and controls methodology to develop optimal policies for the design of sustainable systems.     

Vehicle response-based track geometry assessment using multi-body simulation

The assessment of the geometry of railway tracks is an indispensable requirement for safe rail traffic. Defects which represent a risk for the safety of the train have to be identified and the necessary measures taken. According to current standards, amplitude thresholds are applied to the track geometry parameters measured by recording cars. This geometry-based assessment has proved its value but suffers from the low correlation between the geometry parameters and the vehicle reactions. Experience shows that some defects leading to critical vehicle reactions are underestimated by this approach. The use of vehicle responses in the track geometry assessment process allows identifying critical defects and improving the maintenance operations. This work presents a vehicle response-based assessment method using multi-body simulation. The choice of the relevant operation conditions and the estimation of the simulation uncertainty are outlined. The defects are identified from exceedances of track geometry and vehicle response parameters. They are then classified using clustering methods and the correlation with vehicle response is analysed. The use of vehicle responses allows the detection of critical defects which are not identified from geometry parameters.     

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.     

岩爆隧道柔性支护快速施工技术

为探究适合硬岩隧道岩爆段的快速施工技术,通过对硬岩隧道整体自稳性及岩爆特点的分析,提出以柔性支护为基础、以岩爆预测、松动圈测试和柔性网试验为保证措施的一种快速施工技术。依托米仓山隧道岩爆段的施工,利用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据对不同埋深下岩爆强度进行预测,合理划分米仓山隧道岩爆强度区段,并结合松动圈测试、柔性网试验,对锚杆和钢丝绳网的参数进行研究与验证。实践表明： 1)采用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据可以较准确地进行岩爆预测及强度区域划分; 2)利用松动圈测试结果能大致判断隧道开挖后围岩破裂区域的深度; 3)相比传统支护技术,采用喷射混凝土+涨壳式预应力锚杆+柔性防护网的快速支护技术,每循环施工可节省用时约4 h,整个岩爆区段施工速度可提高30%~40%。